lego80104 舞狮

网友投稿 2020-01-12 11:02

延续上周的话题。
庙会文化紧密地与“过年”这一主题相连,贯穿农历新年、元宵节、春龙节(二月二龙抬头)。既有敬香祈福等民间信仰的成分,又是我国集市贸易形式的大成,说它是“春节产业链”的重要一环也不为过。

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https://cdn.china-scratch.com/timg/200114/11022462N-1.jpg其间自然少不了各种喜庆的民间艺术表演,包括咱们今天要聊的舞狮。舞狮源于“驱傩”,驱除疫鬼,送福祈福。根据地域不同有南北之分。https://cdn.china-scratch.com/timg/200114/1102251157-2.jpg

南方以广东的舞狮表演最为有名。狮子是由彩布条制作而成的,每头狮子有两个人合作表演,一人舞头,一人舞尾。表演者在锣鼓音乐下,装扮成狮子的样子,做出狮子的各种形态动作。在表演过程中,舞狮者要以各种招式来表现南派武功,非常富有阳刚之气。

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南师的舞动造型很多,有:起势、常态、奋起、疑进、抓痒、迎寳、施礼、惊跃、审视、酣睡、出洞、发威、过山、上楼台等等;舞者透过不同的马步,配合狮头动作把各种造型抽象地表现出来。

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南狮讲究的是意在和神似,有出洞、上山、巡山会狮、采青、入洞等表演方式。当中「采青」最为常见。相传“采青”原来是有“反清复明”之意,现时一般是取其意头,有“生猛”,生意兴隆的象征。

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「青」用的是生菜谐音(生财)。把生菜及利是(红包)悬挂起来,狮在「青」前舞数回,表现犹豫,然后一跃而起,把青菜一口吃掉(谓之采青),再把生菜咬碎(谓之碎青),还要模仿狮子吃饱的表情神态(谓之醉青),再把咬碎的青吐向大家致意(谓之遍地生财)。

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为了增加娱乐性,采青有时还会用上各种采青的方式(采天青、采地青、采水青等等)并配以各种特技动作,例如上肩(舞狮头者站在狮尾者肩上),叠罗汉,上杆(爬上竹杆), 或者过梅花椿(经过高低不一长木椿)等等。https://cdn.china-scratch.com/timg/200114/11022U0F-8.jpg

乐高这次就是选取了“庙会上的南派舞狮”这一主题,试图全方位的呈现其文化形式与内涵。封绘展现的一幕就是「采青」的场面。

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882片,五头狮子,8个人仔

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貌似生菜

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也像人头

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采青

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全部印刷件

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舞台下能放东西

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狮子嘴里叼的条幅

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南派舞狮有刘关张的讲法,但乐高这次没有黑色的“张”

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乐高人仔做不了马步,但狮子还是能完成基本动作的。

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鼠年鼠人仔,有种五鼠闹东京的架势

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舞狮点睛是不可缺少的一项,舞狮在点睛前处于沉睡状态,开始舞动前领导或德高望重的人用毛笔醮朱砂给狮子点睛,来唤醒狮子,所以也叫“醒狮”。

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点睛后狮子苏醒带来好运,朱砂为红色粉末,加水或白酒调和,这是传统用的,但现在也有用金粉的,主要为了好看。点睛完成后,领导给狮子嘴里放红包,让狮子给活动地点带来好彩头,狮子开始舞动。

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这款玩具突出了“闹”字,让人仿佛听得见急促的锣鼓点,看得见上下翻舞

摇头摆尾的群狮大戏

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白居易在《西凉伎》写道: 

假面胡人假狮子,刻木为头丝作尾。金镀眼睛银贴齿,奋迅毛衣摆双耳。

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南派舞狮的形象与其说是狮子,倒更像“年兽”。相传,在远古时候,广东南海郡佛山镇忠义乡出现奇兽,身长八尺,头大身小,眼若铜铃,青面獠牙,头生一独角。
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奇兽于除夕晚出现,来去如风,专门破坏民间农作物包括稻米,蔬菜等等。村民乡众不胜其烦,因他每逢过年时就出现,于是人们称之为"年兽",乡民们就商议消灭"年兽",有智者献议,用竹篾及纸,扎成奇兽的形状并彩上颜色。以各种形状的布如方形,三角形织成兽身,再集勇士十数人,持锅等打得响的器具,并由一人手持双菜刀,立于一圆砧旁准备敲打。他们埋伏于一桥下,该处为年兽必经之地。

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当年兽出现时,众勇士一涌而出,击打乐器发出"锵锵"及"咚咚"之声,如雷贯耳。年兽见了,觉得惊骇而落荒而逃,从此销声匿迹,不复出现。为了庆祝驱赶年兽成功及纪念纸扎兽头的功劳,村民便于春节将它拿出来舞动。有的人更建议把它命名为舞狮:因为狮是兽中之王,勇猛的代表,吉祥的象征。有的也称为舞圣头、舞瑞头。

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舞狮队来到庙会

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庙会的气氛更浓郁了

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一家子一家子的,喜气洋洋

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狮子钻出头来

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黄如金,白似雪,红胜梅。年到了~

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配合上皇家寺院的排面,有种决战紫禁之巅的气派

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回归我以往对乐高玩具的臆想,这一切有可能都是一个小孩子对大人口中的旧日好时光的渴望。镜头一转,吃完年夜饭刚领完红包的小女孩,走到了石阶前。幻想着身后就是高大华美的皇家寺院,冬日艳阳,花团锦簇。一头头色彩斑斓的舞狮从薄雾中翻滚而来。锣鼓声、吆喝声,逐渐清晰。有买的、有卖的,人来人往,说说笑笑。
这款玩具极大的勾起了我的乡愁。是的,一辈子没挪过窝的原住民也有乡愁。紫禁城还在,北京城没了;隆福寺地名还在,隆福寺的的大集没了;手艺人还有,但有些手艺没了。
听了几十年,姥姥口中祖传的糖葫芦,在这个时空是无缘吃到了。
奶奶希望我们每个孩子都能学一门武术,会一种兵器。我学了奥数,丢了武术。
每逢这个时节,都能想起小时候,大年夜里本家的姐姐在院子里舞棍的情景。红色或是蓝色,白条纹的运动服,屋里的灯光映照,混一些枪的招式,长棍上下翻飞。习武守岁,守得是风调雨顺岁岁平安,守得是大吉大利五谷丰登,守得是精气神,守得是传统。

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